Nejmenší známý plaz na světě

  • Posted on: 8 February 2022
  • By: admin
nejmenší chameleon - Brookesia nana
Latinsky: 
Brookesia nana

nejmenším zatím objeveným plazem je chameleon (Brookesia nana). Samec nově objeveného druhu měří pouze 21,6mm na délku (délka i ocasem), samice měřila 28,9mm. 
Vědci objevili chameleona v pralese na severu ostrova Madagaskar. V současné době jsou známy pouze dva exempláře tohoto druhu a moc se toho o jejich životě zatím neví. 
Odborníci se domnívají, že se živí pravděpodobně roztoči a dalšími miniaturními bezobratlými živočichy. Přes den zřejmě hledají potravu na zemi a na noc se ukrývají na stéblech trávy.

Proč se vyvinul postupně do tak malých rozměrů je možná proto, že malé druhy chameleonů jsou schopny obecně lépe ovládat svůj jazyk při lovu potravy, a také, že jsou schopny ho "vystřelit" až na vzdálenost 2,5x násobku své délky. Jazyk malého chameleona se potom pohybuje rychlostí cca 2 590 m/sˉ², jinak řečeno jeho jazyk by překonal za jednu sekundu vzdálenost 2,5km.

Další možností je, že se zde uplatňuje tzv. Fosterovo ostrovní pravidlo. Tato teorie evoluční biologie má za to, že některé (velké) druhy zvířat mají v uzavřeném ekosystému ostrovů tendenci se mezigeneračně zmenšovat, a naopak jiné druhy zvětšovat. U velkých druhů zmenšování souvisí např. s dostatkem zdroje potravy = menší druhy mají nižší energetické nároky. U malých druhů jako jsou např. hlodavci je zvětšování způsobováno hlavně nedostatkem predátorů v místě jejich působení.  Takový druh pak nepotřebuje být menší a tím pádem rychlejší a obratnější. 

brookesia-nana

obr. - (A-C) samec chameleona, (D-E) samice
zdroj: Glaw, F., Köhler, J., Hawlitschek, O. et al. Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons. Sci Rep 11, 2522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1

Oblast, kde se miniauturní chameleon Brookesia nana vyskytuje, zahrnula Madagaskarská vláda do seznamu chráněných území. Můžeme tak doufat, že tento zajímavý plaz nevyhyne.

 

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2016年7月14日閲覧。 ITmedia. 2016年7月25日閲覧。 ファミ通.com.
2019年8月9日閲覧。狛江市 (2009年8月12日). 2022年7月17日閲覧。 「盛岡市立第一高等女学校」が「盛岡市立女子高等学校」と改称。
"任天堂株が一時ストップ高 2万円突破し年初来高値 前週から海外配信のポケモン人気で".

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